Living In Botswana: A Guide To Moving To Botswana As An Expat

From the Okavango Delta, home to lions, hippos and elephants, to the sprawling salt flats of the Makgadikgadi Pan, Botswana is known for its extraordinary landscapes and wildlife. But for expats, living in Botswana offers more than the chance to experience some of Africa’s most spectacular natural environments.

With a relatively small population, English widely spoken and Gaborone offering a range of modern services and amenities, Botswana can be an appealing destination for people looking for a different pace of life.

If you’re considering moving to Botswana, there are plenty of practical things to think about before you go. From finding somewhere to live and understanding visa requirements to arranging healthcare, schooling and finances, this guide covers what you need to know about moving to and living in Botswana as an expat.

This guide on living in Botswana covers:

1. What to expect from living in Botswana
2. How can I find accomodation?
3. Jobs and working in Botswana
4. Cost of living and moving to Botswana
5. Healthcare and insurance in Botswana
6. Your handy “moving to Botswana” checklist

African elephants in the Khwai river, Moremi National Park in Okavango Delta, Botswana / GETTY IMAGES

What to expect from living in Botswana as an expat

Botswana is a landlocked country in Southern Africa with a population of around 2.5 million. Much of the country is made up of protected areas, giving residents unusually close access to some of Africa’s most spectacular wildlife and landscapes.

Tourism and diamond mining have played an important role in Botswana’s economy, while the country has also developed sectors including financial services, construction, healthcare, education and telecommunications. Botswana has a long history of political stability, although its economy remains heavily exposed to changes in the diamond market. Recent economic challenges have increased the focus on diversifying the economy and developing other industries.

For expats, what life is like in Botswana will depend heavily on where you live and work. Gaborone offers the widest range of employment opportunities, schools, healthcare and other services, while living in places such as Maun or Francistown can offer a different pace of life.

Botswana at a glance

• Capital – Gaborone
• Currency – Botswana pula (BWP)
• Official language – English
• Population – Around 2.5 million
• Main neighbouring countries – South Africa, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe
• Time zone – Central Africa Time (CAT), UTC+2
• Main expat hubs – Gaborone, Francistown and Maun
• Climate – Semi-arid, with hot summers and a cooler, drier winter
• Driving – Drive on the left

Looking for health insurance for living in Botswana?

Discover more about our international insurance plans

How to move to Botswana as an expat?

Botswana’s entry and immigration requirements depend on your nationality and the reason for your stay. Being able to visit Botswana without a visa does not necessarily give you the right to live or work there.

British citizens can currently visit Botswana for up to 90 days without a visa, although anyone planning to work or live in Botswana should check the latest requirements before travelling. Your passport should also meet the current validity and blank-page requirements.

If you’re planning to live in Botswana beyond the permitted period of your visit, you may need a residence permit. The current application fee is BWP 1,500, and the government states that applications are normally processed within 30 days. Requirements and supporting documents can vary depending on your circumstances.

If you intend to work in Botswana, you’ll generally also need the appropriate work permission. Make sure you understand the requirements before accepting employment or making permanent relocation arrangements.

After at least five years of continuous lawful residence, you may be eligible to apply for permanent residence. This is not automatic and applicants must meet the relevant eligibility requirements.

Always check the latest requirements with the Botswana government before moving, as immigration rules and application requirements can change.

Is Botswana safe for expats?

Botswana is generally regarded as a relatively stable and peaceful country, but expats should still take sensible precautions. Petty crime, including theft and robbery, can occur, particularly in urban areas.

The risks can also vary depending on where you live and travel. Expats should take care with valuables, avoid walking alone in unfamiliar areas at night and take particular care when driving, especially on rural roads.

It’s also worth researching local advice before travelling to remote areas, where access to emergency services can be more limited.

Botswana is a socially conservative country in some respects, and attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people can vary. While same-sex sexual activity was decriminalised in 2019, social attitudes are not necessarily uniform across the country.

Safety and security are important when moving abroad

We take a look at the safest countries in the world

How is the political situation in Botswana?

Botswana, Africa’s longest-standing democracy, experienced a major political shift in October 2024, with the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) losing power after 58 years to the opposition, Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC).

The change in government brought a new political direction, including a focus on economic diversification and social reform.

While the nation has enjoyed over 50 years of stability, the economy remains susceptible to global fluctuations, with challenges in tourism and ongoing efforts to strengthen other sectors.

What language is spoken in Botswana and do people living in Botswana speak English?

The official language in Botswana is English. Setswana is also widely spoken and is particularly important in everyday life and in rural communities.

Expats moving to Botswana should be able to get by fairly easily with English, especially if they choose to live in the bigger towns or cities. Though it might be worth learning a few basic phrases in the local language, if only to be polite.

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African street vendor in Botswana / GETTY IMAGES

Where to live in Botswana and how to find accommodation

Many expats moving to Botswana settle in Maun, Francistown and Gaborone. These larger towns and cities generally offer better access to employment, schools, healthcare, transport and other amenities, although housing costs can be higher than in smaller communities.

Gaborone

Gaborone is Botswana’s capital and largest city and is likely to be the most practical choice for many expats. It has the widest range of businesses, schools, healthcare facilities, restaurants and other services. Popular areas for expats include Broadhurst and Phakalane. Phakalane is built around a golf estate and has become a popular residential area for international residents.

Maun

Maun is best known as the gateway to the Okavango Delta and has strong links to tourism, conservation and hospitality. It offers a quieter lifestyle than Gaborone and may suit expats working in these industries.

Francistown

Francistown is Botswana’s second-largest city and an important commercial centre in the north-east. It can be a practical choice for people working in or around the region. Rent is likely to be one of the biggest household expenses for many expats, particularly if you’re looking for a larger property or accommodation in a popular area. Before signing a tenancy agreement, check what is included in the rent and whether utilities or other costs are charged separately.

Are you thinking about buying property abroad?

We look at some of the easiest countries to purchase property

Can expats buy property in Botswana?

Yes, but only in certain areas. Foreigners buying property in Botswana are limited to towns, cities and some other areas outside tribal territories. Areas such as Tlokweng, Mogoditshane and Molepolole, for example, are considered tribal land and is generally limited to Botswana citizens.

Foreigners should also be aware that it is illegal to buy unimproved land in Botswana unless it is a freehold property.

Top expat tips for living in Botswana

• Make sure you understand the visa, residence and work permit requirements before you move.
• Research where you want to live and compare access to work, schools, healthcare and everyday services.
• If you’re moving with children, start researching schools as early as possible.
• Budget for accommodation, transport, healthcare and potentially higher prices for imported goods.
• Make sure you have suitable health insurance before you move.
• Keep copies of important documents, including your passport, permits, certificates and insurance details.
• Research the climate, driving conditions and local customs before you arrive.

Jobs and working in Botswana

If you’re planning to work in Botswana, you’ll need to make sure you have the appropriate permission to work before starting employment. Your employer may also need to provide supporting documentation as part of the application process.

Employment opportunities for expats vary depending on qualifications and experience. Industries that employ international workers can include mining, tourism, financial services, ICT, healthcare, education, construction and professional services.

Gaborone is the country’s main commercial centre and is likely to offer the widest range of professional opportunities. Other employment opportunities are concentrated around industries such as tourism and conservation in areas including Maun.

If you’re moving to Botswana for an existing employer, check what your relocation package includes. Some international assignments may include accommodation, healthcare, flights or other benefits, which can make a significant difference to your overall cost of living.

Looking for some of the best jobs for expats?

Here our pick of the top 10 jobs for expats working abroad

Cost of living and moving to Botswana

The cost of living in Botswana can be relatively moderate compared with many Western countries, but the amount you’ll spend will depend heavily on where you live and your lifestyle.

Gaborone is likely to be more expensive than smaller towns, particularly when it comes to accommodation. Imported food, electronics, vehicles and other goods can also be relatively expensive, so an expat’s budget may look very different from that of a local household.

When planning your budget for moving to Botswana, consider:

• Rent or mortgage payments
• Utilities and internet
• Groceries and imported goods
• Transport and car ownership
• School fees
• Private healthcare
• Insurance
• Flights to and from your home country
• Leisure and eating out

Rather than relying on a single national cost-of-living figure, research the specific area where you plan to live and the expenses that are relevant to your circumstances.

Banking and finance in Botswana

The local currency in Botswana is Pula, abbreviated to BWP. There are 100 thebe to a pula and the currency is a combination of notes and coins:

• Notes: BWP 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200
• Coins: BWP 1, 2 and 5; and 5, 10, 25 and 50 thebe

Many expats use a local bank account for everyday expenses while maintaining an offshore account for savings or income held outside Botswana.

If you’re planning to open a local bank account, check the bank’s current requirements before applying. You may need identification, proof of address and evidence of your immigration, employment or financial status.

Expats moving to Botswana might consider banking with:

• The Bank of Botswana
• Bank Gaborone
• First National Bank
• Standard Chartered

Tax can be more complicated for expats, particularly if you continue to have income, assets or financial connections in another country. Your tax position may depend on factors including your residency status, where your income comes from and how long you spend in Botswana.

Botswana’s tax year runs from 1 July to 30 June, and the country has double taxation agreements with a number of other countries, including the UK.

If you’re moving to Botswana permanently or working there, consider getting professional tax advice based on your individual circumstances.

Want to know more about taxes for expats?

Check out our guide on what you should know when moving abroad

The atourney general chambers building in Gabarone, Botswana / GETTY IMAGES

Healthcare and insurance in Botswana

Healthcare is an important consideration for anyone planning to live in Botswana. Public and private healthcare facilities are available, but the range of services and access to specialist treatment can vary depending on where you live.

Gaborone has the widest choice of healthcare facilities, including private hospitals and clinics. Healthcare options become more limited outside the main population centres, so your location can be an important consideration when planning for your healthcare needs.

For many expats, private healthcare can offer greater choice and access to facilities than relying solely on public services. However, treatment costs vary depending on the type of care you need, so it’s important to understand how you’ll pay for healthcare before moving.

International private medical insurance can help expats access private healthcare and, depending on the policy and level of cover, may also provide cover for treatment outside Botswana or emergency medical evacuation.

When comparing health insurance, check where you can receive treatment, whether medical evacuation is included, what excesses and waiting periods apply, and whether pre-existing conditions are covered.

What happens if you live in a remote location?

Our guide shows how to access healthcare in remote areas

Culture and customs in Botswana

Botswana has a rich cultural heritage, reflected in the Setswana language, traditional music, food, dress, ceremonies and public celebrations.

Botswanan culture is celebrated in an annual festival called ‘Letsatsi la Ngwao’, or Botswana Culture Day. The two day celebration begins on 30th September each year with street parties, parades, street food and other local events.

Traditional culture remains important in Botswana, although lifestyles are changing, particularly among younger generations.

Your handy “moving to Botswana” checklist

Before moving to Botswana, make sure you check the following:

Accommodation

☐ Have you researched the best areas to live?
☐ If you’ve found an apartment or house you’d like to rent, have you contacted the landlord and made an offer?
☐ Have you checked what’s included in the rent?
☐ If you’ve agreed a place to live, have you received your tenancy agreement?

Work and immigration

☐ Do you have the right visa or residence permit?
☐ If you’re working, do you have the appropriate work permission?
☐ Do you have the supporting documents required for your application?
☐ Do you have the proof of income or proof of savings where required?

Healthcare

☐ Have you researched healthcare facilities near where you’ll live?
☐ Have you tarranged international health insurance before moving to Botswana?
☐ Have you checked whether your policy covers treatment outside of Botswana or medical evacuation?
☐ Have you looked into other forms of insurance to support your life in Botswana, such as life insurance and income protection?

Family

☐ Have you researched schools and checked availability?
☐ Have you considered childcare if required?
☐ Have you checked whether your accommodation is suitable for your family?

Finance

☐ Have you researched local banking options?
☐ Have you considered your tax position in Botswana and your home country?
☐ Have you budgeted for accommodation, transport, healthcare and imported goods?

Relocation

☐ Have you arranged shipping or storage of your belongings?
☐ Have you checked whether you need any additional documentation for pets?
☐ Have you organised flights and temporary accommodation if needed?

Frequently asked questions about moving to Botswana

Can foreigners live in Botswana?

Yes. Foreign nationals can live in Botswana if they meet the relevant immigration requirements and obtain the appropriate permission to stay. The requirements depend on factors such as nationality, employment and the intended length of stay.

Do British citizens need a visa for Botswana?

British citizens can currently visit Botswana for up to 90 days without a visa. If you’re planning to live or work in Botswana, different immigration requirements may apply, so check the latest guidance before you move.

Read our guide for new British expats

Do I need a work permit to work in Botswana?

Non-citizens generally need the appropriate permission to work in Botswana. If you’re moving for employment, make sure you understand the work permit requirements before starting work.

Is Botswana a good place to live?

Botswana can be an attractive option for expats looking for a quieter lifestyle, access to nature and wildlife, and a relatively stable environment. However, access to healthcare, schools, employment and other services varies depending on where you live.

How much does it cost to live in Botswana?

The cost of living depends on your location and lifestyle. Accommodation, transport, private healthcare, education and imported goods can all have a significant impact on an expat’s budget.

Where do most expats live in Botswana?

Gaborone is likely to be the most practical choice for many expats because it offers the widest range of jobs, schools, healthcare and amenities. Maun and Francistown may suit people working in tourism, conservation or businesses based in the north of the country.

Do I need health insurance in Botswana?

International health insurance can give expats access to private healthcare and, depending on the policy, cover treatment outside Botswana or emergency medical evacuation. The cover you need will depend on your circumstances and where you want to receive treatment.

Learn more about getting expat health insurance in Botswana

Moving abroad can also have it’s disadvantages

Here’s how to overcome some common expat challenges

Before you go…

Moving to Botswana involves plenty of preparation, from arranging your visa and accommodation to understanding the local healthcare system and making sure your finances are in order.

Healthcare is particularly important to consider before you move. If you’re planning to use private healthcare, international health insurance can help you access treatment in Botswana.

For over 30 years, we have helped expats like you move and settle into their new lives overseas, with the peace of mind of knowing their families are covered by a comprehensive and flexible health insurance policy.

Speak to us today to find out more about how international health insurance could benefit you and your family – and good luck moving to Botswana!

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This article is part of our series of guides to expat life. It’s just for general information, and we don’t provide professional advice on moving abroad (we’re an expat insurance provider). We update this article regularly to keep it useful as possible, but if you want to know more – please seek independent advice.